Operating Systems Tasks and Programming Lab

Operating Systems Tasks and schedule LabLab Activity 1 Operating Systems Tasks and Programminga) Future of operating systems.Report on the future of operating systems hereb) Programming activityC++ accommodate using titlespace stdint main() int id = 6669447string name = Salman Mohammed Fazalint rejoinder = 0for (int i = 0 i cout counter++ //increment counterif (counter == id-1) //if counter = last parchacter of IDcout counter = 0 //reset counterJAVApublic class test public static void main(String args) int id = 6669447String name = Salman Mohammed Fazalint counter = 0for (int i = 0 i System.out.print(name.charAt(i)) //print charactercounter++ //increment counterif (counter == id-1) //when counter is last character of IDSystem.out.println() //new margecounter = 0 //reset counterPYTHONname = Salman Mohammed Fazalid = 6669447for i in range (0, len(name), int(id-1)) for every n charactersprint(nameii+ int(id-1))) slice and print string autograph Outcome (same for all)Lab Activit y 2 Linux Command Line (Commands and outcomes from a series of small tasks that require use of a number of Linux sways)How do Portfolio1 directory tape/write/executable only for you and your group. That is, not for others. Show evidence of this with ls command.How downloaded the script http//www.centerkey.com/tree/tree.sh to your home directory using wget and make it executable.Making DirectoriesHow created a 207se directory in your Portfolio1 directory.How created numbered directories for the labs. i.e. lab1 and lab2 and so onEvidence of transferring lab1 activity into catch directoryEvidence of make directory activities using tree.shDisplay todays date and using the cal command show the month that you were born. Move into the lab1 directory and use the appropriate command to show the current directoryWhat is talk, write and wall are forThe Talk command is used for exchanging messages with other users who are logged on the same network.The Write command is used to send messag es to users in the same network. This one-way only.The Wall command is used to send messages to all the users in the entire network. This is limited to the admins only.What command prevents the effectuate of those three commands from interrupting you.To prevent users from interrupting you, you set up use the Mesg command. This command basically enables or disables users from pen to your terminal. Mesg y to Allow access and Mesg n to deny access.The song in song.txt.Using wc the number of words and lines in the wedge.Using grep to get the lines containing and and the number of the lines contain and in the documentUse cat to show the limit of the commove. seize Linux command to see if the two files differ and how they differ.Use branch to sort the file and redirect the output to a new file called song2.txtUse sort and rev to reverse the sorted contents of song.txt and append the output to song2.txtTotal memory used and the total memory availableFind out how you can display your username on the screen.List the processes that are running.What are the differences between the Linux commands less, more and most.The more command works similarly to the cat command by displaying contents of a file, however the more command, you view bits of the text (a screenful), and is in a send-scrollable manner.The less command is similar to the more command, however with this it is possible to scroll both, forward and backward.The most command is more like the less command, but the only difference is, it is possible to view several files at once with this command.The basic sentence structure for these commands aremore less Lab Activity 4 BootloaderBrief description of the Lab activity and what you didThis weeks task was to create a bootloader using host which involved my student details and a triangle of dots. We then have to boot the bootloader with bochs.Boot pragma linux with bochsMake a bootloader that displays your student details and triangleCommented bootloader e nactment to display your student details and triangleBITS 16ORG 0x7C00top Put 0 into ds ( data segment) Cant do it directlymov ax,0x0000mov ds,ax si is the location relative to the data segment of the string/char to displaymov si, msgcall writeString See belowjmp $ SpinwriteStringmov ah,0x0E Display a chacter (as before)mov bh,0x00mov bl,0x07 attachedcharLodsb Loads SI into AL and increases SI by one Effectively pumps the string through ALcmp al,0 End of the string?jz doneint 0x10 BIOS interruptjmp nextchardoneretmsg db Name Salman Fazal,13,10, e-mail emailprotected, 13,10, Fav Module 207SE ), 13,10, DOB 01/08/1996 21 ,13,10, Std ID 6669447 Null-terminated sentences 510-($-$$) db 0dw 0xAA55Output from Bochs showing student details and triangleLab Activity 6 Memory circumspectionMemory Allocation ActivitiesDue to the code outputs be too long, I have just snipped a portion of the leave, however all of my answers match with the results in the code.* NULL = Memory address not allocated.First-FitBest-FitWorst-FitPaging ActivitiesFIFO42775639322 scallywag Entry 044445559999Page Entry 12222666622Page Entry 2777733333Page disruptionFFFHFFFFHFHPage Fault Total 842775639322Page Entry 044444666666Page Entry 12222233333Page Entry 2777779999Page Entry 35555522Page FaultFFFHFFFFHFHPage Fault Total 8RANDOM42775639322Page Entry 044445666622Page Entry 12222229999Page Entry 2777733333Page FaultFFFHFFFFHFHPage Faults Total 842775639322Page Entry 044444449999Page Entry 12222222222Page Entry 2777733333Page Entry 35666666Page FaultFFFHFFFFHHHPage Fault Total 7The random algorithm did not give me the same result as the way I solved it. This is because There is no specific rule/method on what memory block to be replaced. Each date a process require to be moved to a memory block, a random memory block is chosen in order to deal the process.Evidence of running codeLab Activity 7 Buffer Brief description of the Buffer ActivityThis weeks task involved using softens in ter ms of conducting and writing from a fileCommented Buffer.c codeinclude //library for file soften optionsinclude //library for general purpose toolsinclude //header fileinclude //file IO intend BUF_SIZE 500 //sets buffer sizing to 500define OUTPUT_MODE 0700 //defines the output mode, sets file permissionsint main(int argc, char *argv) //Define inconsistentsint in_fd, out_fd // think of associated numbers on both filesint rd_size = 1 //hold amount of bytes in buffer (final should be 500)int wr_size //hold amount of bytes on the output filechar bufBUF_SIZE //initialise buffer and its sizeif (argc = 3) //check for correct number of arguments progeny(1) // conk out if too legion(predicate) or too few parametersin_fd = open(argv1, O_RDONLY) //open file to memorialise from ( represent only)//if file isnt found, variable ordain have a invalidating numberif (in_fd exit(2) //exit if files emptyout_fd = creat(argv2, OUTPUT_MODE) //create the output file//if file isnt created, variab le will have a negative numberif (out_fd exit(3) //exit if cannot write to the filewhile (rd_size 0) //while characters (in file) still existrd_size = con(in_fd, buf, BUF_SIZE) //read the file into bufferif (rd_size exit(4) //exit if error while readingwr_size = write(out_fd, buf, rd_size) //write from buffer into fileif (wr_size close(in_fd)close(out_fd) //close both of the files if error foundexit(5) //exit if error while writing modify the code to so that it prints if an error has occurred or if a file is successfully created with the content of the review in it.After running code what is in hamlet.txtinclude //library for file control optionsinclude //library for general purpose toolsinclude //header fileinclude //file IOdefine BUF_SIZE 500 //sets buffer size to 500define OUTPUT_MODE 0700 //defines the output mode, sets file permissionsint main(int argc, char *argv) //Define variablesint in_fd, out_fd //hold associated numbers on both filesint rd_size = 1 //hold amount of bytes in buffer (final should be 500)int wr_size //hold amount of bytes on the output filechar bufBUF_SIZE //initialise buffer and its sizeif (argc = 3) //check for correct number of argumentsprintf(Error handicap number of parameters passed.)exit(1) //exit if too many or too few parametersin_fd = open(argv1, O_RDONLY) //open file to read from (read only)//if file isnt found, variable will have a negative numberif (in_fd printf(Error File not found.)exit(2) //exit if files emptyout_fd = creat(argv2, OUTPUT_MODE) //create the output file//if file isnt created, variable will have a negative numberif (out_fd printf(Error File not created.)exit(3) //exit if cannot write to the filewhile (rd_size 0) //while characters (in file) still existrd_size = read(in_fd, buf, BUF_SIZE) //read the file into bufferif (rd_size printf(Error Cant read from file.)exit(4) //exit if error while readingwr_size = write(out_fd, buf, rd_size) //write from buffer into fileif (wr_size close(in_fd)close(out_ fd) //close both of the files if error foundexit(5) //exit if error while writingprintf(Operation Successful)After compiling and running the code, the hamlet.txt file contained the exact same text that was in the main review.txt fileEvidenceUpdated buffer.c code to show how many character are read to buffer, how many character read at a cadence into the buffer, how many words in the document and how many clock the buffer is contactedinclude //library for file control optionsinclude //library for general purpose toolsinclude //header fileinclude //file IOdefine BUF_SIZE 500 //sets buffer size to 500define OUTPUT_MODE 0700 //defines the output mode, sets file permissionsint main(int argc, char *argv) //Define variablesint in_fd, out_fd //hold associated numbers on both filesint rd_size = 1 //hold amount of bytes in buffer (final should be 500)int wr_size //hold amount of bytes on the output filechar bufBUF_SIZE //initialise buffer and its sizeint rd_count = 0, buf_count = 0, wd _count = 0if (argc = 3) //check for correct number of argumentsprintf(Error Invalid number of parameters passed.)exit(1) //exit if too many or too few parametersin_fd = open(argv1, O_RDONLY) //open file to read from (read only)//if file isnt found, variable will have a negative numberif (in_fd printf(Error File not found.)exit(2) //exit if files emptyout_fd = creat(argv2, OUTPUT_MODE) //create the output file//if file isnt created, variable will have a negative numberif (out_fd printf(Error File not created.)exit(3) //exit if cannot write to the filewhile (rd_size 0) //while characters (in file) still existrd_size = read(in_fd, buf, BUF_SIZE) //read the file into bufferif (rd_size printf(Error Cant read from file.)exit(4) //exit if error while readingif (rd_size == 500) //if read,rd_count += 500buf_count += 1 //increment character and buffer counter elserd_count += rd_sizefor (int i=0 iif(bufi == )wd_count+=1 //increment if space foundwr_size = write(out_fd, buf, rd_size) //writ e from buffer into fileif (wr_size printf(Successfully written to filen)close(in_fd)close(out_fd) //close both filesprintf(Total number of characters read is %d.n, rd_count)printf(Total number of words %d.n, wd_count)printf(Buffer filled %d times.n, buf_count)exit(5)Impact of changing buffer sizeI altered the buffer 3 times, the first was changing the size to 1000, the flake was 1300 and the third was 2000. What I noticed was as the buffer size increases, the amount of times the buffer is filled decreases as the buffer is able to fill in more characters each time. Below is a screen shot of when the buffer size was set to 2000We can see the buffer at this time was filled 0 times, meaning the entire text was placed into the buffer.Updated buffer.c code to compare if two files are the sameinclude //library for file control optionsinclude //library for general purpose toolsinclude //header fileinclude //file IOdefine BUF_SIZE 500 //sets buffer size to 500define OUTPUT_MODE 0700 //d efines the output mode, sets file permissionsint main(int argc, char *argv) //Define variablesint in_fd, in_fd2 //hold associated numbers on both filesint rd_size = 1 //hold amount of bytes in buffer (final should be 500)int rd_size2 = 1char bufBUF_SIZE //initialise buffer and its sizechar buf2BUF_SIZE //initialise buffer and its size//int rd_count = 0, buf_count = 0, wd_count = 0if (argc = 3) //check for correct number of argumentsprintf(Error Invalid number of parameters passed.)exit(1) //exit if too many or too few parametersin_fd = open(argv1, O_RDONLY) //open first file to read fromif (in_fd printf(Error File not found.)exit(2) //exit if files emptyin_fd2 = open(argv2, O_RDONLY) //open second file to read from//if file isnt found, variable will have a negative numberif (in_fd2 printf(Error File not found.)exit(3) //exit if files emptywhile (rd_size 0 rd_size2 0) //while characters (in file) still existrd_size = read(in_fd, buf, BUF_SIZE) //read file 1 to bufferrd_size2 = r ead(in_fd2, buf2, BUF_SIZE) //read file 2 to bufferif (rd_size printf(Error Cant read from file.)exit(4)for (int i=0 iif(bufi = buf2i) //if characters of the 2 files are not the sameprintf(The files are not the same)close(in_fd)close(in_fd2)exit(5) //print message and closeprintf(YESSSSSS The files are the same.) //if code passes the loop, theyre the same proportion of review.txt and hamlet.txtComparison of hamlet.txt and review_observer.txtLab Activity 8 Cache BufferBrief Description of Cache Buffer ActivityThis weeks task was to alter the cache_reader.c file and stark(a) the cr_read_byte function. Additionally, we also had to add a count of the total number of bytes and the number of times the buffer was filled.Commented implementation of the cr_read_byte functionchar cr_read_byte(cr_file* f)/* 1. check if buffer needs refilling2. return currently pointed character3. move pointer to next character */if(f-usedbuffer = f-bufferlength)refill(f)char currentChar = f-bufferf-usedbuffer f-usedbuffer++return currentCharComment updated code to show that each byte is being read, and when the buffer is being refilled.To show that the buffer is being refilled, I added a print statement each time the buffer refills in the cr_read_byte() function. Also the next part of the question will show that the buffer is being refilled and the bytes are being read by keeping a count each time that happens.*The code for this part of the question is combined with the next part (cache_reader.c).(I set the buffer to 200)Commented updated code showing to show how many bytes were read in total, and how many times the buffer was refilledIn this part, I had to update the code in 3 different files, below are the screenshots of every update I madecache_reader.hIn this sec